
Christmas in the Holy Land:
A
Year-End Bias Study
December 27, 2007
By: Mike Fegelman
Dear
HonestReporting Canada subscriber:
Every Christmas,
journalists descend on Bethlehem, speak with the mayor, conduct
person-in-the-street interviews with pilgrims, and report on tourist activities
and religious festivities. Many of the resulting news reports falsely implicate
Israel for the economic, tourist, political and security problems that afflict
the city.
Favouring the symbolic
(“the wall”) over the facts (increased business, tourism and security
accompanied by decreased Israeli/Arab friction), the media frame the complex
narrative of Bethlehem in conventional black-and-white terms.
HonestReporting
Canada meticulously monitored and analyzed the Canadian media’s coverage of
“Christmas in the Holy Land” and published the following findings in our
year-end bias study.
Summary of Findings:
- Media manipulated by
staged demonstrations and PR campaigns
- Israel’s security
concerns were omitted, misrepresented, or truncated in news coverage
- Media ignored or
downplayed Muslim persecution of Christians
One Picture
is Worth a Thousand Words
Dubbed a “Pallywood
Xmas Special” by our colleagues at HonestReporting.com, many media outlets
were duped into giving press coverage to a staged demonstration by “Santa and
his elves” (a group of Palestinian activists) who scuffled with Israeli
soldiers.

As part of an ongoing
campaign in which photojournalists and newswires are willing participants,
agitators turned up at Israel’s security barrier to provoke a police or military
response. Professional cameramen dutifully documented the event and news
agencies distributed the images around the world. Yet the captions and news
coverage provided by the media rarely, if ever, remind readers that Israel built
the security barrier to defend its citizens from deadly terror attacks and that
the barrier has dramatically reduced infiltrations from the West Bank, saving
hundreds of lives.
CBC Radio’s “The World
This Hour” was just one of those media outlets that was manipulated. According
to the program on December 21: (listen
online here)
-
“Now to Bethlehem where new
barriers keep going up,
protestors march to object to the security wall being built
by Israel that will largely surround the town of Bethlehem.
Villagers who will be cut off from their farmland decided to give the
protest a seasonal twist. The leader approached the line of Israeli soldiers
dressed as Santa Claus and offering sweets.”
Putting aside the fact
that the CBC didn’t inform viewers that this was a staged event, this report
erroneously claimed that “new barriers keep going up” and that
the barrier surrounds Bethlehem, statements that are patently
false.
Bethlehem and Bigotry
When famed British street
painter Banksy’s Bethlehem murals were vandalized, CTV News and the Globe and
Mail gave prominence to the story. CTVGlobeMedia colleagues Janis Mackey-Frayer
and Mark Mackinnon featured reports that failed to adequately reference the
raison d’etre for the barriers implementation, while misrepresenting the
barrier’s own dimensions.

The Globe and Mail
featured a
front-page report on December 21 entitled “Tourists see writing on
Bethlehem’s Walls,” which, to its credit, did mention the huge influx of
tourists to Bethlehem this year, but blamed Israel alone for the city’s malaise
and “economically depressed” society. The report also featured two large photo’s
(see
here and
here) displaying some of Banksy’s “artwork” on the barrier.
Mackinnon offered an anemic explanation for the barrier’s purpose which read
more like an afterthought: “The
eight-metre-high
barrier around the city - which Israel says it built for security reasons,
but Palestinians call the "apartheid wall.""
He also
incorrectly referred to "the wall around Bethlehem," even
though the security barrier is mostly fence and does not fully encircle the
city. If this report seems familiar to you, it should, because Mackinnon made
the same erroneous claims in a December 28, 2005
report entitled “Wall Cast Shadow Over Bethlehem.”
Times Online columnist
Michael Gove recently commented on
the wonky news coverage secured by Banksy’s Bethlehem:
- “This year we’ve already
had our first exercise in demonizing Israel for its treatment of Bethlehem
with the graffiti artist Banksy enjoying extensive coverage for his trip to
decorate the security barrier near the town with his work. The message
of Banksy’s work and the coverage it has generated is the same: oppressive
Israel has snuffed the life out of the town where the Prince of Peace was
born. Herod’s spirit lives on, even as the spirit of Christmas is
struggling to survive. The truth is very different. The parlous
position of Palestinian Christians, indeed the difficult position of most
Christians across the Arab world, is a consequence not of Israeli aggression
but of growing Islamist influence.”
Mackey-Frayer’s report on CTV (watch
online here) relied heavily on pan-shots of the barrier for dramatic effect.
Although she mentioned that the barrier was meant to stop suicide attacks, like
Mackinnon, she also falsely claimed that “the barrier surrounds the town.” But
Janis’ cardinal sin was her misrepresentation of one of the most
successful tourist seasons in Bethlehem since 2000 and her failure to
acknowledge Israel’s
easing of security restrictions and
scaling back of security operations in the Bethlehem-area.
According to Mackey-Frayer
“Where it should be festive now, it isn’t. Shops are
shuttered, more than half the town unemployed because so few tourists venture
beyond the barrier.”
In an
apparent contradiction in a follow-up report only two days later, Mackey-Frayer
(watch
online here) acknowledged that “foreign tourists are welcome and
after several lean years they’re back. More than 70,000 pilgrims are expected to
mark Christmas in Bethlehem this year, with hotel rooms at rare
full capacity.”
Yet, the focus
of this report continued to falsely portray Israeli security measures as the
main obstacle for Palestinian pilgrims retracing the steps of Joseph and Mary
from Nazareth.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind
What evades the media year after year is both simple and obvious: the
systematic persecution of Palestinian Christians by their Muslim neighbours and
rulers.
For many
foreign correspondents, the plight and flight of Palestinian Christians under
siege by Muslim extremists didn’t merit mention, and this proverbial elephant in
the room was altogether ignored.

A
report by the Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs concluded that the
Christian population in the West Bank and Gaza is likely to dissipate completely
within the next 15 years as a result of increasing Muslim persecution and
maltreatment.
The Ottawa
Citizen, to its credit, published a column by David Warren on December 23
commenting on this
suffering minority:
- “Bethlehem,
for many, many centuries an entirely Christian town, has now been largely
depopulated of Christians. While this is generally explained, in media
accounts, as the result of "harsh Israeli security measures," other factors
may well have contributed to the exodus, such as violent impositions
of the Shariah code, the takeover of their church by Palestinian gunmen in
2002, and the hideous desecration that followed, the use of Christian homes by
"militants" of both Fatah and Hamas as cover for the shelling of Jewish
targets in south Jerusalem, and sundry murderous attacks on Christians around
the town during the Al Aqsa Intifada and since. Against which background, the
loss of the pilgrim trade has deprived the dwindling Christian community of
their chief source of income. The town is now overwhelmingly Muslim, and may
be Christian-free very soon.”
CBC News reporter Nahlah Ayed and CTV’s Mackey-Frayer also
featured coverage on the demise of Palestinian Christians in Gaza, but
not of those in Bethlehem in the West Bank.
According to Ayed: (see her two reports produced on
December 23/24 online
here and
here) “Christians feel
isolated by militant group Hamas… Christmas under Hamas rule will be
somber.”
Likewise
Mackey-Frayer’s December 23 report (see online
here)
stated:
- “Christians privately
admit an uneasy relationship with the Muslim majority. During
the fighting that saw Hamas wrest control, a
convent and Christian school were ransacked. And fears grew in October,
when the owner of Gaza’s only
Christian bookstore was murdered, people whisper about death
threats and intimidation... Some 3,000 who live in the Gaza Strip
pray here among 1.5 – million Muslims – Many Christians fled to escape
the uncertain born of Hamas’ bloody rise to power here.”
Yet prominent media outlets like the Toronto Star, the
Globe and Mail, and the National Post failed to even address this obvious red
herring which has contributed to the exodus of Christians from the West Bank and
Gaza.
Conclusions:
Several
Canadian media outlets missed an important opportunity to report on the complex
interactions of Christians, Muslims and Jews at this unique moment in history.
Christmas in the Holy Land, a time to celebrate the birth of Jesus, was instead
used by the Canadian and international media as an opportunity to malign the
state of Israel.
We saw our
public broadcaster, the CBC, get manipulated by staged Palestinian
demonstrations, while Canada’s paper of record, the Globe and
Mail, falsely misrepresented the security barrier and ignored the rampant Muslim
persecution of Christians in the region. Meanwhile, CTV News
downplayed Israeli efforts to boost Bethlehem's tourist trade and to streamline
access to the city's holy sites.
How You Can Make a Difference:
HonestReporting Canada encourages readers to communicate your concerns to the
following media outlets with the above conclusions in mind:
Pointers for contacting the media:
State your position clearly in your own words, reference the
particular report in question, remain rational and polite, and contact
us at
action@honestreporting.ca to tell us you took action. To be
considered for publication, letters should include sender's name and contact
information for verification purposes.